Abstract
This study examines the role of the extended family in child-rearing practices among Buddhist families whose parents work as Indonesian migrant workers (PMI). The study is located in Sumber Kucur Village, Blitar Regency, East Java, which is a minority Buddhist community with a relatively high rate of labor migration. The study aims to identify the typologies of child-rearing practices carried out by the extended family and to analyze the mobilization of various forms of family capital in maintaining the continuity of child-rearing across distance and generations. The research employs a qualitative approach using the case study method. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving ten informants—comprising grandmothers, grandfathers, aunts, uncles, and children from migrant families—selected via purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The findings reveal that the extended family plays a central role in maintaining the stability of child-rearing when parents migrate. Three main typologies of child-rearing were identified: the delegative pattern, the collaborative pattern, and spiritual-value-based child-rearing. Analysis using Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of capital framework indicates that these caregiving practices are supported by the mobilization of four forms of family capital: economic capital through the distribution of remittances; social capital through kinship networks, neighbors, and the temple community; cultural capital through the transmission of Buddhist values such as sila, dana, and metta; and symbolic capital in the form of moral authority held by older family members. These four forms of capital dynamically interact within the family arena to sustain child-rearing and the reproduction of cultural and religious values. These findings confirm that the extended family in rural Buddhist communities’ functions not only as a practical substitute for parents but also as a resilient social actor in safeguarding the well-being of migrant children through complex capital mobilization strategies.
- Indonesian Migrant Worker
- Extended Family
- Child caregiving; social Capital
- Buddhis Migration
- Bourdiue capital
- social reproduction
Abstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji peran keluarga besar (extended family) dalam praktik pengasuhan anak pada keluarga Buddhis yang orang tuanya bekerja sebagai Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI). Studi ini berlokasi di Dusun Sumber Kucur, Kabupaten Blitar, Jawa Timur, yang merupakan komunitas Buddhis minoritas dengan tingkat migrasi tenaga kerja yang relatif tinggi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tipologi pengasuhan yang dijalankan oleh extended family serta menganalisis mobilisasi berbagai bentuk modal keluarga dalam menjaga keberlangsungan pengasuhan anak lintas jarak dan generasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi terhadap sepuluh informan yang terdiri dari nenek, kakek, bibi, paman, serta anak dari keluarga migran yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive dan snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa extended family memainkan peran sentral dalam menjaga stabilitas pengasuhan ketika orang tua bermigrasi. Terdapat tiga tipologi utama pengasuhan yang ditemukan, yaitu pola delegatif, pola kolaboratif, dan pengasuhan berbasis nilai spiritual. Analisis menggunakan kerangka teori kapital dari Pierre Bourdieu menunjukkan bahwa praktik pengasuhan tersebut didukung oleh mobilisasi empat bentuk modal keluarga, yakni modal ekonomi melalui distribusi remitansi, modal sosial melalui jaringan kekerabatan, tetangga, dan komunitas vihara, modal budaya melalui transmisi nilai-nilai Buddhis seperti sila, dana, dan metta, serta modal simbolik berupa otoritas moral yang dimiliki oleh anggota keluarga yang lebih tua. Keempat bentuk modal ini saling berinteraksi secara dinamis dalam arena keluarga untuk mempertahankan keberlanjutan pengasuhan dan reproduksi nilai-nilai kultural serta religius. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa extended family dalam komunitas Buddhis pedesaan tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai pengganti orang tua secara praktis, tetapi juga sebagai aktor sosial yang resilien dalam menjaga kesejahteraan anak-anak keluarga migran melalui strategi mobilisasi modal yang kompleks.
- Pekerja Migran Indonesia
- keluarga besar
- pengasuhan anak
- Buddha
- migrasi
- kapital Bourdieu
- reproduksi sosial
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